The relationship between voltage and current in a transformer indicates that if voltage increases, current _______?

In a transformer, the relationship between voltage and current is governed by the principle of conservation of energy, which states that power (the product of voltage and current) must remain constant under ideal conditions. This can be expressed through the formula P = V × I, where P represents power, V is voltage, and I is current.

When the voltage increases in a transformer, the current must decrease to keep the power output consistent, assuming that the transformer is operating efficiently and under ideal conditions. This inverse relationship is fundamental to transformer operation and is derived from the turns ratio of the transformer coils. Therefore, if the primary winding experiences an increase in voltage (for example, if the primary voltage is stepped up), then the current flowing in that winding must drop in order to maintain the same power level.

This principle is foundational in understanding how transformers function in electrical systems, ensuring that energy is transferred efficiently from one coil to another with appropriate adjustments to voltage and current based on their respective turns ratios.